Labor Relation Management

Labor Relation Management Bargaining Laws Covering Public Employees The enactment of rules permitting public sector mutual negotiation in the U.S states lacks consistency due to the disparities in desires and political goals of the diverse states. This means that in states where workers can enjoy collective agreements, they still utilize politics and mixed forms of habitual representation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Relation Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, some states set tough rules against the unions and does not recognize them formally. In addition, other states also ban negotiations, strikes, and any form of arbitrations leading to binding pacts with employees (Slater, 2004) Impasse Resolution Procedures Regularly company management and union leaders may fail to concur on contract conditions resulting into a stalemate. This development necessitates third party involvement to facilitate resolution of the tw o party’s lack of harmony. Mediation is a procedure of settling these divergences where the third party tends to attain deliberate consensus between unions and employers (Riccucci, 2006). Arbitration becomes the last step in settling rows entailing submission to a third party any unsettled disputes for ultimate resolution. The procedure regularly finds application in industrial settings. Employers also utilize union shops procedure to handle impasses (Riccucci, 2006). This entails employers accepting to maintain union workforce only on its payroll and may recruit non-union personnel given that they agree to join the workers union within a specific period. There is conciliation method where a third party conducts dispute resolution through informal means to try to settle the disagreements. Public Employees Right to Strike Public employee’s right to strike does is unnecessary since the public civil service system exists to address their grievances. The workers freedom to strike should be outlawed or constrained. This is because public employees avail services, which are central to the well being of the community. Uniformed employees are not allowed whatsoever to picket.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, some employees have the chance to strike but with a surety that the consequences of their action will not result into problems affecting the public well-being. The government avails other means of settling disputes including arbitration (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Public Employees Right to Interest Submission for Dispute Resolution Public employees should submit attention dispute to ultimate and obligatory arbitrations instead of holding a legally acquired strike order. The importance of this is that the employees can have an opportunity to try settlement. Legal strike may lead to more problems and loss of time and profi ts for the company. In addition, legal strikes may lead to victimization of other employees who may be discharged. Arbitration may provide enhanced outcomes since even after strikes union will have to negotiate with the employers for better deals. An opportunity to achieve the same end coming parallel with striking, the workers need to chose arbitration. Reasons for Slow Development of Labor Unions in Latin American Countries The labor unions in Latin America apparently develops slowly than in the U.S. reasons for this scenario may include the rate of employment, which declines in many sectors. This results to companies discharging workers or failing to hire people. The low number of workforce has had an impact on unionization level in the Latin America (Inter-American Development Bank, 2003). In addition, most youths on employment in the countries with little education have a negative awareness on the importance of unions. The youths therefore fail to join the unions thus causing t he slow development of the unions due to low membership. The wage availed to workers in the Latin America is also apparently low, making most workers to prefer satisfying their needs than donating to the unions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Relation Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Actually, this has compounded the problems of union development, which requires huge finances to run concrete union actions (Inter-American Development Bank, 2003). Furthermore, most countries in Latin America with almost equal economy have diverse unionization rates and regulatory measures. Finally, political aspects including repression and derailment also have significant impact on the speed of unionization in Latin America. Worker Participation in Western Europe Worker participation is a form of workers representation in the companies, which take place when employees take part directly or indirectly in decision mak ing in their places of work. The rise of workers participation in Western Europe resulted from issues including response to strikes (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The workers interest misrepresentation during collective bargaining by union leaders resulted into some employees taking part in strikes apparently, as negotiations never qualified into addressing interests. The workers protested over poor employment conditions, methodological alterations, and coherence in wages. The workers were taking responsibility in regulating occupation settings and rejecting employer’s plea to manage work places after strikes (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). This continued to ensure that employees gained a considerable control of making decisions at work places through representations. The response of the employers after strikes and employees taking responsibility entailed better deals and agreeing to workers demands of company representations and work councils. To sustain the societal order, decrees came up enlarging the authorities of unions compared to those of employers and making stable vital collective bargaining (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Features of Japanese Labor Relation Systems Japanese labor administration relations run through perpendicular outline where the corporation becomes a fatherly unit and care for its loyal employees. This system is known as enterprise unions. The close functioning rapport between the workforce and corporation strengthens the structures for worker participation and conciliation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Enterprise unions lack authority thus collective bargaining happens in the broad company through well-harmonized approach (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Workers grievances are solved when corporation make enormous proceeds indicating a decentralized bargaining advance. The Japanese system also takes note of the bargaining settlements attained in the mother industries. Remuneration gaps are mundane between managers and unskilled staff. The model of seniority becomes significant and pledges forever employment and when business fails, workforce are transferred other line companies. The business employs strategies to evade discharging workforce. Finally, settling disputes occur through the process of shop levels (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The Japanese structures are not transferable to the U.S systems since they lack workplace equality. The enterprise unions manipulated by company management deny the unions independence. The method of reconciliation of disputes through shop levels is not applicable in the U.S. in addition, the seniority approach may be disastrous to the U.S labor relations since it is unrealistic to keep workforce even during recessions (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Transnational Collective Bargaining The advancement of collective bargaining power in new business markets requires a few factors to be fulfilled (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The transnational firm must join the new markets labor organizations as a first prerequisite for collective bargaining. This enables the firms to bargain with the unification protecting workers in those markets. The personnel recruited into the corporation also need to form a union to use in collective bargaining. The corporation must also abide by the national labor relations regulations in the new markets before bargaining can happen effectively. Companies also need to present its proposal on how it intends to protect workers (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). This enables the bargainers to have an overv iew of the company’s mode of workers’ treatment. The company’s operations must comply with labor regulation practices in the new market including recruitment of workers, designing of payment for labor, and workers interest protections. Canada Labor Relation System The Canadian labor rules have similar components as the U.S. after Canada adopted all the labor relations edicts from the Wagner Act. However, Canada has developed labor enactment with two outstanding features. The features transferable to the U.S labor laws include separation of authority in the constitution between federal and the regional governments (Estreicher, 2011). This avails complete command over the business associations to the regions. In addition, federal law also avoids anticipation of regional rules. Federal administration has full authority contained in the constitution to act on labor dispute concerns over few workers in industries within its jurisdiction (Estreicher, 2011). Secondly, Canada’s legislature structure of administration is also transferable. This is where a prime minister under the federal administration and regional premier interested in altering is sure of attaining popular mass for passing bills. This ensures possible enactment of controversial edicts required for initiating innovations into labor relations (Estreicher, 2011). References Estreicher. (2011). Labor and Employment Law Initiatives and Proposals in the Obama Administration. New York, NY: Kluwer Law International. Holley, W., Kenneth, M. and Roger, S. (2008). The Labor Relations Process. 8th Ed.  Orlando, Florida: Harcourt College Publishers. Inter-American Development Bank. (2003). Good Jobs Wanted Labor Markets in Latin America. Washington, DC: IDB. Riccucci, N. (2006). Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations. Armonk, NY:  M.E. Sharpe. Slater, J. (2004). Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the  State, 1900- 1962. New York, NY: Cornell Univ ersity Press.

Quotations on Style in Writing

Quotations on Style in Writing A pointed instrument used for writing. According to our glossary entry for  style, thats what the word meant in Latin 2,000 years ago. Nowadays, definitions of style point not to the instrument used by the writer but to characteristics of the writing itself: The way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed: a style of speech and writing. Narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament discourse; broadly, as representing a manifestation of the person speaking or writing. All figures of speech fall within the domain of style. But what does it mean to write with style? Is style a feature that writers can add or remove as they please? Is it, perhaps, a gift that only some writers are blessed with? Can a style ever be good or bad, correct or incorrector is it more a matter of taste? Put another way, is style merely a kind of decorative sprinkle, or is it instead an essential ingredient of writing? Here, under six broad headings, are some of the diverse ways in which professional writers have responded to these questions. We open with remarks from Henry David Thoreau, an artful stylist who expressed indifference toward style and conclude with two quotations from novelist Vladimir Nabokov, who insisted that style is all that matters. Style is Practical Who cares what a man’s style is, so it is intelligible, as intelligible as his thought. Literally and really, the style is no more than the stylus, the pen he writes with, and it is not worth scraping and polishing, and gilding, unless it will write his thoughts the better for it. It is something for use, and not to look at.(Henry David Thoreau)People think that I can teach them style. What stuff it all is! Have something to say, and say it as clearly as you can. That is the only secret of style.(Matthew Arnold) Style Is the Dress of Thoughts Style is the dress of thoughts; and let them be ever so just, if your style is homely, coarse, and vulgar, they will appear to as much disadvantage.(Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield)A mans style should be like his dress. It should be as unobtrusive and should attract as little attention as possible.(C. E. M. Joad) Style Is Who and What We Are The style is the man himself.(George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon)The old saying of Buffon’s that style is the man himself is as near the truth as we can getbut then most men mistake grammar for style, as they mistake correct spelling for words or schooling for education.(Samuel Butler)When we see a natural style, we are astonished and delighted; for we expected to see an author, and we find a man.(Blaise Pascal)Style is the hallmark of a temperament stamped upon the material at hand.(Andre Maurois)The essence of a sound style is that it cannot be reduced to rulesthat it is a living and breathing thing with something of the devilish in itthat it fits its proprietor tightly yet ever so loosely, as his skin fits him. It is, in fact, quite as seriously an integral part of him as that skin is. . . . In brief, a style is always the outward and visible symbol of a man, and cannot be anything else.(H.L. Mencken)You do not create a style. You work, and develop yourself; your style is an em anation from your own being.(Katherine Anne Porter) Style Is Point of View Style is the perfection of a point of view.(Richard Eberhart)Where there is no style, there is in effect no point of view. There is, essentially, no anger, no conviction, no self. Style is opinion, hung washing, the caliber of a bullet, teething beads.(Alexander Theroux)Style is that which indicates how the writer takes himself and what he is saying. It is the mind skating circles around itself as it moves forward.(Robert Frost) Style Is Craftsmanship Whats important is the way we say it. Art is all about craftsmanship. Others can interpret craftsmanship as style if they wish. Style is what unites memory or recollection, ideology, sentiment, nostalgia, presentiment, to the way we express all that. Its not what we say but how we say it that matters.(Federico Fellini)Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of style.(Jonathan Swift)The web, then, or the pattern, a web at once sensuous and logical, an elegant and pregnant texture: that is style.(Robert Louis Stevenson)The most durable thing in writing is style, and style is the most valuable investment a writer can make with his time. It pays off slowly, your agent will sneer at it, your publisher will misunderstand it, and it will take people you have never heard of to convince them by slow degrees that the writer who puts his individual mark on the way he writes will always pay off.(Raymond Chandler)The style of an author should be the image of his mind, but the choi ce and command of language is the fruit of exercise.(Edward Gibbon) One arrives at style only with atrocious effort, with fanatical and devoted stubbornness.(Gustave Flaubert) Style Is Substance To me, style is just the outside of content, and content the inside of style, like the outside and the inside of the human body. Both go together, they cant be separated.(Jean-Luc Godard)Thought and speech are inseparable from each other. Matter and expression are parts of one; style is a thinking out into language.(Cardinal John Henry Newman)Every style is excellent if it is proper; and that style is most proper which can best convey the intentions of the author to his reader. And, after all, it is Style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work, for an author can have nothing truly his own but his style; facts, scientific discoveries, and every kind of information, may be seized by all, but an authors diction cannot be taken from him.(Isaac DIsraeli)Style, in its finest sense, is the last acquirement of the educated mind; it is also the most useful. It pervades the whole being.(Alfred North Whitehead)Style is not something applied. It is something that permeates. It is of the nature of that in which it is found, whether the poem, the manner of a god, the bearing of a man. It is not a dress.(Wallace Stevens) Style and structure are the essence of a book; great ideas are hogwash. . . .All my stories are webs of style and none seems at first blush to contain much kinetic matter. . . . For me style is matter.(Vladimir Nabokov)

Operations manager at John lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations manager at John lewis - Essay Example The researcher resorted to the review of several management principles such as Kotter’s 8 step change management model, Mintzberg’s management theory and Black Mouton managerial grid. The theories served as a strong foundation thereby enabling the researcher to identify the extent to which the managers in John Lewis effectively emulated the management principles in order to establish a better work environment which enables them to focus on both the welfare of the employees and the productivity of the organization. The management of John Lewis believes in a simple principle and that is any development within the employees will have a direct or indirect contribution to the development of the business. That is why the managers introduced a management development programme in order to ensure that the employees perform at their peak. The training program is designed to provide employees with ample scope for personal development. This will help the employees to identify their areas of strengths and work accordingly to achieve personal as well as organizational goals. The managers of John Lewis focus more on the development of personal and technical skills (John Lewis Partnership, 2015a). They follow a training and development plan based on three pillars depicted in figure 1. The managers emphasize on training the employees in three dimensions: experience (characterized by on the job training), exposure and exchange (characterised by knowledge, information and skill sharing between employees at workplace) and education (training based on theoretical learning). The training and development programme in John Lewis is designed to impart skills to employees belonging from all departments. The management framework in the company is identical to the Mintzbergs Management Roles theory. While conducting the training and development program the managers play an instrumental role in managing the new recruits. They have to change their roles

Is capitalism sustainable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is capitalism sustainable - Essay Example Thus reduction in these capitals will lead to destruction of the human capital. Contributions of capitalism to the society depend on their profit and growth. Thus the existence of capitalism also leads to reduction in human and social capital. With the increasing cost of production and diminishing social values the sustainability of capitalism is reduced. (Heslam 2002). The growth model used by the capitalism seems to be uncertain due to its dependence on depleting natural resources. Rapid decline in natural capital will be a challenge to the economic capital. Climate crisis, income disparity, and scarcity of financial and social; resources in the global economy are affecting the sustainability of capitalism. Capitalism has helped the development of financial system in countries through increased income from investment and employment opportunity to the society. Thus the existence of capitalism is necessary for improvement in society. Sustainability of any system depends on the energy procured by it. Without energy, sustainability becomes impossible. Capitalism acquires its energy from the environment through extraction. But it does not provide consideration for restoring the energy extracted by it. This makes energy reduction in the environment. It is termed as physical entropy. Capitalism is based on the concept of profit. Without economic benefit, no restoration of energy takes place. Future generations' benefits are not the mission of capitalism. It insists on making profit with the resources in the environment. It undertakes only financially profitable activities. Reduction of wastes and pollution carried out by firms depends on the profitability from that process. Individual's self interest is only considered in capitalism. Energy renewal is carried out to support current consumption and restoring of energy for future generations is not considered. Thus, capitalism inescapably dislocates social energy throu gh weakening the personal relationships in society. In order to ensure maximum economic efficiency, impartial and impersonal relationship between people is necessary. For efficient functioning of market economies, competency instead of cooperation is required. In a more productive business environment social relationship gets less time and energy. In a price based marketing there is no place for trust and personal relationship. It reduces the personal relationship in the society. It is termed as disorganization of social energy through devaluation of personal relationships. In capitalism resources from the society are used for making profit. However, there is no consideration for restoring the social capital which is essential for maintaining effective personal relationships in the society. Investment in the society for the benefit of future generation does not provide any economic incentives for the business capital. Relationship in the capitalistic society depends on its financial benefit for them. Investment in social capital is tr eated as waste of resources in capitalism In an economy people exchange their resources with other people for mutual benefit. Transformation of physical energy in raw materials with the help of social energy in human resources is carried on in capitalism. It is exchange on the basis of profit. Economic capital takes out energy from natural and social capital. Social and

Roman Construction Essay Example for Free

Roman Construction Essay The most magnificent structures and works of art can probably be found in Rome. Compared to other civilizations, the Roman constructions crossed the boundaries of engineering in creating buildings, bridges and other structures out of mortars, bricks and woods. From public infrastructures to private houses, Romans were able to create a whole new ground for strong structures and as a result most of the structures that were built centuries ago can still be found to date. Although Roman contsructions were often linked to those of the Greeks, the indebtedness of Romans to contribute more in generating materials as well as techniques created a whole new different perspective in order for them to perfect and affect space-making and their architectural thinking for the purpose of longevity. It was said that most of solutions created by the Romans for constructions and discoveries of   new techniques were greatly affected by the elements in the society such as wealth and high population densities. The innovative success of the Romans in the field of construction imposed the structures for the use of the public. The development in this field engined the growth of certain political propagandas which campaigned for the creation of building in pursuit of gaining fame from it and utilize such creations for public functions (Crystal, 2008). An example of one of the greatest structure created by the Romans in the Pantheon, a temple built for honoring gods. The Pantheon stands in the center of the city of Rome. Originally, it was Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa built the structure in the 27th B.C. From an ordinary rectangular shaped classical temple supported by colonnade on all sides, it was then rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian between AD 118 and 128 creating a central space called â€Å"rotunda†. Further reconstructions were done by succeding Roman emperors. The rotunda was then rebuilt by Emperors Septimius Lucius, Septimius Severus and Caracalla making it circular shaped during the third century which then formed the main parts of the Pantheon. Agrippas original portico remained untouched and across the porch of the portico stands sixteen Corinthian columns. The dome of the Pantheon was the largest ever built. The brick archs inside the dome which stand to provide external support are not visible, but rather only seen in t he lowest part of the dome (â€Å"The Pantheon†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The method used to construct the Pantheon remained undetermined but according to records materials such as bricks, a stone formed from volcanic dust called â€Å"tufa† as well as basalt and pumice were used to build the structure   with high quality. Pantheon is also known for its lavish interior and excellent lighting. The only souce of lighting from the builcing comes from the sun which passes from the top centre of the dome. This particular design in the Pantheon is considered as very revolutionary because it gave more emphasis on the interior design rather than the exterior part of the building. The grandiosity of Pantheon is evident through the colored marbles that is lined in the interiors, the rectangular shaped indentations cut out from the ceiling, the embellishment of bronze rosettes and moldings which later disappeared as well as a frieze of stucco decorations. The walls of the interiors are marked by seven deep recesse s which is screened by pairs of columns (â€Å"The Pantheon†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another Roman construction that has survived the scourge of time is the Roman Coloseum. This historical arena stands between the Esquiline and Calian Hills in Rome, Italy. Also known as the Flavian Ampitheater, this served as an area for entertainment among the Romans; wild beast hunts and gladiatorial combats are among the many spectacles shown in the ampitheater. The colosseum can accommodate around 50,000 spectators and holds about 80 entrances, 4 of which are made for the emperor. The external area of the ampitheater is built out of travertines while the tufa bricks infill the interiors. Marble blocks served as the main pedestal which are held by metal pins. Unfortunately the pins were then carried out by thieves and was later on replaced with mortars. The seats for the audience are classified according to social class and gender. Better seats are gained by those members of the community who are in the higher social status. Wooden benches on the fourth tier are made for the poor.   In order to protect the crowd from the rainy or hot weather a wide colored awning known as â€Å"velarium† is stretched overhead. For nearly four centuries, gladiatorial combats and other spectacles are held in the colosseum (â€Å"Roman Colosseum†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The aqueducts or the Roman waterway system held brought great changes in the field of engineering. It is considered to be the most advanced water system during the ancient times. Over the span of 500 years, 11 aqueducts were created that supplied the whole city of Rome. Some of the known aqueducts in Rome that maintained the flow of water during the ancient times are Aqua Appia, Aqua Novus and the Aqua Alexandrina. a combination of stones, bricks and pozzuolana, a speacial volcanic cement. The aqueducts certainly leave a distinct impression because despite the visible large arch structures, an impressive waterway system functions below the ground. It carried flowing water in areas like the valleys. The entire sytem relies mainly on slopes and gravity for the continuous flow of water to be maintained.   Once the water hits Rome, large reservoirs called â€Å"castella†, which is maintained on the highest ground held the water supply of the whole city, which could be tapped by public fountains, baths and private villas from the network provided which sometimes requires a fee (â€Å"Roman Aqueducts†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What the Romans constructed then had greatly affected various aspects in the society and the innovations they have created set forth an example of maximizing the available resources and still be able to produce quality works that will last for generations. In general, different Roman constructions were able to supply further solutions to problems and became a standard for great infrastructure we have today. References Crystal, E. (2008). Ancient Roman Architecture. Crystal Links. Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.crystalinks.com/romearchitecture.html The Pantheon. Wise Dude.   (n.d) Retrieved June 13, 2008 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.wisedude.com/history pantheon.htm Roman Colosseums. UNRV History. (n.d) Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.unrv.com/culture/colosseum.php Roman Aqueducts. UNRV History. (n.d) Retrieved June 13, 2008 from http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-aqueducts.php

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney :: essays research papers

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was born on February 25th, 1746 at Charleston, the eldest son of a politically prominent planter and a remarkable mother who introduced and promoted indigo culture in South Carolina. 7 years later, he accompanied his father, who had been appointed colonial agent for South Carolina, to England. As a result, the young Charles enjoyed a European education. Pinckney received tutoring in London, attended several preparatory schools, and went on to Christ Church College, Oxford, where he heard the lectures of the legal authority Sir William Blackstone and graduated in 1764. Pinckney next pursued legal training at London's. Middle Temple and was accepted for admission into the English bar in 1769. He then spent part of a year touring Europe and studying chemistry, military science, and botany under leading authorities. Late in 1769, Pinckney sailed home and the next year entered practice in South Carolina. His political career began in 1769, when he was elected to the provincial assembly. When South Carolina organized its forces in 1775 to battle the British, Pinckney joined the First South Carolina Regiment as a captain. He soon rose to the rank of colonel and fought in the South in defence of Charleston and in the North at the Battles of Brandywine, PA, and Germantown, PA. When Charleston fell in 1780, he was taken prisoner and held until 1782. The following year, he was discharged as a brevet brigadier general.Pinckney was one of the leaders at the Constitutional Convention. Present at all the sessions, he strongly advocated a powerful national government. His proposal that senators should serve without pay was not adopted, but he exerted influence in such matters as the power of the Senate to ratify treaties and the compromise that was reached concerning abolition of the international slave trade. After the convention, he defended the Constitution in South Carolina. In 1796, however, he accepted the post of Minister to France, but the revolutionary regime there refused to receive him and he was forced to proceed to the Netherlands. The next year, though, he returned to France when he was appointed to a special mission to restore relations with that country. During the ensuing XYZ affair, refusing to pay a bribe suggested by a French agent to facilitate negotiations, he was said to have replied "No! No! Not a sixpence!"When Pinckney arrived back in the United States in 1798, he found the country preparing for war with France.

Expository Essay on Early Childhood Education Essay

This essay is on Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education is a very important program for children. Without a substantial preschool program children are set up to fail. For those of you who are looking for a way to give your child or children a competitive edge Early Childhood Education is the way to go. Children that go through an Early Childhood Education program will not have to worry about the effects the program has on their future collegiate experience. The lack of preschool experience can lead to â€Å"poor school adjustment outcomes such as school failure, unemployment, and poverty†. â€Å"Studies of a wide variety of programs such as Head Start, Even Start, Flow Through, Learning to Learn and other model programs have shown that one or two years of preschool can improve children’s school readiness, early scholastic achievement, and school competence such as lower grade retention and special education placement. † †Research supports the effects of preschool programs on long term outcomes such as reduced school dropout rates† (Berrueta – Clement, Schweinhart, Barnett, Epstein, & Weikart, 1984; Reynolds 1994; Schweinhart, Barnes, & Weikart 1993) . With such research and evidence I strongly believe Early Childhood Education is the most important way a parent or guardian can kick start a child’s education. Not only does Early Childhood Education affect academics it also affects the economy. â€Å"The conventional view of economic development typically includes company headquarters, office towers, entertainment centers, and professional sports stadiums and arenas. (Art Rolnick Senior Vice President and Director of Research; Rob Grunewald, Regional Economic Analyst Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2003)† In laymen’s terms this means that we typically see economic development as anything ranging from company headquarters to professional sports stadiums and arenas. â€Å"Any proposed economic development list should have early childhood development at the top. The return on investment from early childhood development is extraordinary. It results in better working public schools, more educated workers and less crime. † â€Å"High quality early childhood education is essential to a child’s preparation for school. What is more, quality early education is inextricably tied to the workforce—the training, preparation and working conditions of those who provide care. Public policy decisions that prioritize resource availability for developing, implementing and monitoring a high quality early childhood care and education system are almost invariably affected by budgetary and regulatory constraints. † In other words the budget and regulatory constraints decide the priority of early childhood care and education. In my opinion this is how early childhood education affects the economy. Not only does early childhood education have impact on academics and the economy it also has impact on children’s socialization. â€Å"Preschool experiences are designed to provide cognitive and social enrichment during early childhood development. † â€Å"As the pressures on preschools to prepare children for school mount, there is growing recognition that this involves both exposure to pre-academic Social-Emotional Effects of Tulsa Pre-K 2105 learning and support for the range of capacities that enable children to engage in learning, attend to instruction, interact effectively with teachers and peers, and manage themselves with growing independence in the classroom (Raver & Knitzer, 2002). † So this is how I believe early childhood education has an impact on children’s socialization. Going through all of the research on this subject reinforced to me how important early childhood education really is. Early Childhood Education is a very important program for children. Without a substantial preschool program children are set up to fail. Just to refresh your memory the main points in this essay were that early childhood education affects academics, the economy, and children’s socialization. References Fred C. Lunenburg. Center for Research and Doctoral Studies in Educational Leadership Sam Houston State University Gormley Jr. , W. T. , Phillips, D. A. , Newmark, K. , Welti, K. , & Adelstein, S. (2011). Social-Emotional Effects of Early Childhood Education Programs in Tulsa. Child Development, 82(6), 2095-2109. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2011. 01648. x Art Rolnick Senior Vice President and Director of Research Rob Grunewald Regional Economic Analyst Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (Raver & Knitzer, 2002). † (Berrueta – Clement, Schweinhart, Barnett, Epstein, & Weikart, 1984; Reynolds 1994; Schweinhart, Barnes, & Weikart 1993).

Foreign Born American Writers Essay

American literature has changed and evolved from the early colonial days to develop characteristics that are unique and which identify it from other literary works. Several writers have contributed to the development of American literature. Some of these writers immigrated into the United States and their works were accepted into the American literary canon. Some of the notable foreign born American writers include Vladimir Nabokov, Isaac Bashevis Singer, and CzesA‚aw MiA‚osz (Czeslaw Milosz). Vladimir Nabokov was born in Russia in 1899 and moved to the United States in 1940 together with his family. Nabokov produced both fiction and non-fiction works including novels, short stories, drama, poetry, and some translations. Among his works is his 13th novel titled Pnin published in 1957 and built around the life of a Russian professor who moves into the US as a refugee and the challenges that the professor encounters in a new world (Boyd 271-287). Isaac Singer was a Jewish American author born in Poland and was the 1978 Nobel Prize winner in literature. Among his many collections is Gimpel the Fool and other Stories published in 1960. It has twelve short stories with a mix of contemporary and folk legend aspects and heavily based on Jewish life in Poland (Kirkus). Born in 1911 Poland, Czeslaw Milosz became an American citizen in 1970. Milosz is known for his poetry, essays, prose, and translations. He was the Nobel Prize winner in 1980 for his literary works. His A Magic Mountain poem reflects his personal experiences of living in Berkeley, CA (Kirkus). The three writers have received various recognitions for their contribution to the American literature. Each of the writers has written about his life experiences in the US depicting the differences and the challenges of adapting to a new world. References Boyd, Brian. Vladimir Nabokov: The American Years. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1991. Kirkus Rev. of Bells in Winter by Czeslaw Milosz. New York, NY: Ecco Press (1978). 2010. 5 May 2010. < http://books. google. co. ke/books? id=THVhAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions> Kirkus Rev. of Gimpel the Fool and other Stories by Isaac Singer. New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux. (1960). 2010. 5 May 2010. < http://books. google. co. ke/books? id=yZJnPwAACAAJ&dq=isaac+bashevis+singer+gimpel+the+fool&source=gbs_book_other_versions>

Free Essays on Era Of Good Feelings

A great surge in national pride characterized the period from 1812 to 1824 known as the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings†. In the years before the war of 1812, social and economic differences between the North and the South led to sectionalism. The South was an agrarian society while the North developed an industrial society. The surge in national pride developed for many reasons. Military pride resulted from the defeat of the British at the Battle of New Orleans, and Monroe’s policies toward other countries as he stated in the Monroe Doctrine. The Hartford Convention helped to unify the country by developing the one party system. The establishment of the tariffs, the bringing back of the national bank and internal improvement were all part of the development of the American system. This was an important development in the surge of nationalism experienced in â€Å"The Era of Good Feelings†. Another development which contributed to a feeling of nationalism was the growth of American culture. Literature and lifestyle changes contributed to this cultural development. Also the Supreme Court worked to strengthen control over interstate commerce. These events drew people together as a nation and sparked the pride and cultural identification that typifies this era. Achievements in military also led to a feeling of nationalism. Some of the effects of the war of 1812 were respect by other powers and a sense of confidence in the government. The war brought the states together in a stronger nation because of the military achievements. The battle of Baltimore led to the writing of the National Anthem. Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle from a nearby boat in the harbor after being captured by the British. The bursting of gunfire over the harbor inspired him to write â€Å"The Star Spangled Banner†. The Monroe Doctrine declared that the U.S. opposed any further colonization within the Americas by European powers or any attempt to influence th... Free Essays on Era Of Good Feelings Free Essays on Era Of Good Feelings A great surge in national pride characterized the period from 1812 to 1824 known as the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings†. In the years before the war of 1812, social and economic differences between the North and the South led to sectionalism. The South was an agrarian society while the North developed an industrial society. The surge in national pride developed for many reasons. Military pride resulted from the defeat of the British at the Battle of New Orleans, and Monroe’s policies toward other countries as he stated in the Monroe Doctrine. The Hartford Convention helped to unify the country by developing the one party system. The establishment of the tariffs, the bringing back of the national bank and internal improvement were all part of the development of the American system. This was an important development in the surge of nationalism experienced in â€Å"The Era of Good Feelings†. Another development which contributed to a feeling of nationalism was the growth of American culture. Literature and lifestyle changes contributed to this cultural development. Also the Supreme Court worked to strengthen control over interstate commerce. These events drew people together as a nation and sparked the pride and cultural identification that typifies this era. Achievements in military also led to a feeling of nationalism. Some of the effects of the war of 1812 were respect by other powers and a sense of confidence in the government. The war brought the states together in a stronger nation because of the military achievements. The battle of Baltimore led to the writing of the National Anthem. Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle from a nearby boat in the harbor after being captured by the British. The bursting of gunfire over the harbor inspired him to write â€Å"The Star Spangled Banner†. The Monroe Doctrine declared that the U.S. opposed any further colonization within the Americas by European powers or any attempt to influence th...

The Best Way to Study and Practice for ACT Science

The Best Way to Study and Practice for ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT Science is like a double rainbow: unique,complicated to understand, and people freak out when they see it.Unlike a double rainbow, which tends to freak people out because of its awesomeness, the ACT Science section tends to freak people out because ofthecrazy time crunch with only 35 minutes to answer 40 questions. Even so, if you want to do well on the ACT Science, you can't avoid it. You have to buckle down and create a greatstudy plan. The good news is there are several easy steps to take to make sure you are studying for the ACT Science section in the right way. Here is an overview of what this guide covers: Which study materials to use The importance of using realistic timing How you should be reviewing your practice tests Memorizing whatthe ACT Science expects you to know Step 1: Study With Official Materials This step may seem obvious, but in order to get the most out of your studying, you need to study with ACT Science specific material. As I said before,the ACT Science section is unlike other science tests you've taken; your AP or IB sciencestudy materials will not help you here. You need to find ACT study materials that you like working with and that fit your study schedule. The highest quality source of practice tests is almost always official ACT practice tests. If you like my approach below, you’ll love PrepScholar’s program.We do the heavy lifting for you, by splitting up our prep material into specific skills. We'll detect your weaknesses automatically and give you focused lessons and quizzes to improve those skills. Also, check out our article on recommended ACT prep books. You should takea minimum of four full-length practice ACT Science sections before your test date. Step 2: Stick to the Real Timing The ACT Science section is the tightest time crunch of any section of the test: 7 passages, 40 questions, 35 minutes, leaving only 52.5 seconds to answer each question. You need to keep yourself to a five minutes per passage pace.If you do not do this in your practice, you will not be able to do it the day of the test.You should be taking a minimum of four practice tests, but I'd argue you should take around seven to eight practice ACT Science sections to nail this timing. Don't disturb the dragon. Step 3: Review Your Mistakes This is the MOST important step of all. After taking your practice test, don't just score your test and move on to the next one. You need to actuallyreview your mistakes. When reviewing practice tests, people tend to have some or all of these wrong impulses: Impulse 1: Focusing on what you did well and ignoring what you did wrong (not helpful). Impulse 2: Disregarding questions you got wrong because they were just "careless mistakes" (not helpful). Impulse 3: Focusing on the fact that you got things wrong and ignoring review in favor of self-loathing (popular among some overachievers, and yet...still not helpful). These impulses are not helpful!Review is the most important step in your study process.It is how you learn and improve. Your review of your ACT Science questions should be different depending on the type of passage.If you do not know the three types of ACT Science Passages, I recommend reading our other article first before continuing to read this article. As a brief review, there are three types of ACT Science Passages: 3 Data Representation Passages 3 Research Summary Passages 1 Conflicting Viewpoints Passage Data Representation Passages and Research Summary Passages are very similar. Both use visuals (graphs, tables, etc.) as the primary way to convey information. We willevaluate your mistakes for both in the same way. Conflicting Viewpoints Passages are the most unique since theytypically do not have any visuals.We will use a different approach for evaluating your mistakes. Reviewing Research Summary and Data Representation Passages We can't always be invincible. Start by analyzing your confidence for each question.Categorize each question as skipped, guessed (after process of elimination), or (you thought you) knew.Do this for all questions even the ones you got right.Be sure to review all questions that you skipped or guessed (even if you got some of the guessed ones right). For the skipped questions: Why did you skip? Did you run out of time?You should never skip on the ACT since there is no penalty for guessing.Make sure you leave yourself enough time at the end to at least pick a letter to bubble in for the remaining questions. For the guessed questions: Why did you guess right? Why did you guess wrong? Is there a difference in the way you approached the guessed questions you got right versus those you got wrong? Next, understand the reason you got the question wrong.Categorize your mistakes into 1 of 6 areas. Misreading the visuals Not understanding a trend Not understanding the setup of the experiment Misreading the passage Not knowing a science fact Careless error I will go into more detail on each type of mistake below. Mistake Type 1: Misreading the Visuals This is one of the most common mistakes since it's easy to do, and it applies to a lot of questions in ACT science. If you read our article on the three types of act science passages, this mistake is usually connected to factual questions and interpreting experiments questions.Did you not read the graphs, tables, scatterplots or diagrams correctly?If so, what did you misread? What did you not understand?Make sure to drill this skill, as it is the most tested on the ACT Science section.Here is an example of a factual question: There are several mistakes you can make when misreading graphs. Did you look at the wrong figure entirely? Example: Did you accidentally use the top graph of the percent of captured finches from Island A? You should have used the two bottom graphs that coveredthe percent of captured finches from Island B and C. Did you misread the valuesalong the x-axis or y-axis? Example: Did you think it said 8 instead of 10? Did you misread the labels along the x-axis or y-axis? Example: Did you think beak depth was measuredalong the y-axis? Did you not notice a key? Example: Many visuals will have a key with them. Keys are usually very important. Do not ignore them. You will recognize these mistakes when your answer choice is very different fromthe correct answer. If you think you may have misread the visual, start by analyzing the question. Did it refer to a specific figure? Did you look at Figure 2 when it said Figure 1? If it did not refer to a specific figure in the question, did the answer choices have numbers? For example, inquestion 1 above, the answers A, B, C, and D all have numbers: 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, etc. If the answer choices contain numbers, it is a safe bet that you either needed to read a visual or understand a trend to answer the question correctly. I will explore understanding a trend mistakes next. If you think you struggle to understand visuals, you need to focus on improving this skill since it is the most tested skill on the ACT Science section. In order to improve, I'd recommend taking a few untimed ACT Science sections. Take as much time as you need to answer each question and dissect the visuals provided. Write out the control and variable(s). Write out the values at each data point. By doing this seemingly tedious step, you will be making sure you understand the information the visual is trying to convey. After reaching an acceptable score when taking untimed sections, I'd start taking timed sections immediately. As I said before, you will need to nail the 5-minute per passage timing to succeed on the ACT Science section. Mistake Type2: Not Understanding a Trend This mistake is usually connected to interpreting trends questions and calculations questions. Were you not able to describe the relationship of the data? Increasing, decreasing, direct, indirect? Were you not able to extrapolate / interpolate a trend? Here's an example of an interpreting trends question: Answering this question requires understanding what caused small seeds or large seeds to bemore abundant. In this case,this graph below and the two sentences directly above it provide the information you need. If you misread the graph or mixed up these sentences, you may have gotten the answer wrong. According to the two sentences, small seeds are abundant during wet years. According to the graph, 1984 was a wet year, so J. 1984 is the correct answer. I'd recommend the same approach to fixing this problem as with misreading the visuals. Take untimed practice sections. Try to draw on the visuals the extrapolation of the data. Draw the line as if it went out further. Follow the table. Put up and down arrows for if the data is going up from point to point or down from point to point. Once you start excelling at these interpreting trends and calculations questions, go back to the 5-minute per passage pace. Mistake Type3: Not Understanding the Setup of the Experiment This mistake is usually connected to experimental design/research intent questions and hypothetical experimental questions.Did you not understand the researcher’s intent? Did you not understand the experiment’s design? Did you not know the control versus variables? Here's an example of an experimental design question: Answering this question requires understanding what the titrant and sample solution were. In this case, the passage defines what a titrant is and what a sample solution is, but if you misread the passage, it's easy to mix it up, especially since it's just a bunch of liquid being mixed together anyway. Be sure to skim the passage for this information if you cannot figure it out from the visuals alone. Mistake Type4: Misreading the Passage Did you miss key information from the passage needed to answer the questions? Make sure you read carefully. If you are not 100% sure what the answer is, go back and skim if you have the time. Try to be 100% sure before you move on to the next question. Regarding the question in mistake type 2, it would be easy to misread the two sentences you need to answer the question correctly. If you were reading too quickly, you may think that the small seeds were abundant during dry years and answer incorrectly. Take your time and make sure you understand what you read, so you get the correct answer. Mistake Type5: Not Knowing a Science Fact If you read our article on the only actual science you need to know for the ACT science, this mistake is on those questions.These questions only appear about four times per test and require outside science knowledge. To make sure the mistake is because of a lack of outside knowledge, re-read the entire passage and make sure they do not give you the information you needed to answer the question.If you still think it is an outside knowledge question, make a flashcard with the information you didn’t know. Study the flashcards, so you get the information down.You should make flashcards for all the topics from the only actual science article and drill yourself.Also, be sure to do some additional light research to refresh yourmemory of that concept. It is not necessary to read a book on the subject, but just be sure you have a basic understanding of the concept. The question below expects you to know that protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, like charges repel each other, and opposite charges attract each other. Nowhere in the passage is this property of charges stated - you just have to know this from your science class experience.Knowing what you do, you can eliminate F and H. In this case, the passage stated the reaction uses protons, so the answer is G. Knowingthis material is the only way to get a score between 31 and 36. If you are aiming for a score of 30 or below on the ACT Science section, you do not need to spend as much time focused on these questions, since they only account for about four questions per test. Mistake Type6: Careless Error Did you make a small calculation error in question that requires basic math? Did you misread the question? Did you not see a NOT or EXCEPT?Make sure to read the questions closely and circle or underline the NOT or EXCEPT so you don’t miss it. It would be very easy to read this too fast and think the question is asking which of the following is true. I have watched many of the students I tutor make that mistake, and I have made that mistake myself. Try to read carefully to avoid these careless mistakes. Reviewing Conflicting Viewpoints Passages Again, start by analyzing your confidence for each question.Label them as either skipped, guessed, or knew.Try not to skip in the future since you are not penalized for guessing on the ACT.Review all skipped and guessed problems (even if you got some guessed questions right). Understand the reason you got the question wrong.Categorize mistakes into two categories: Not understanding the point of view Not understanding the differences and similarities in the points of view Mistake Type 1: Not Understanding the Point of View If you read our article on the three types of act science passages, this mistake is usually connected to understanding of viewpoints questions. If you continue to struggle with theses types of question, circle and/or underline as you read the passage to make sure you remember the point of view of each student/scientist. What is their argument? What do they believe?Write yourself a three word or less summary after reading the paragraphi.e. â€Å"pro-comet theory,† â€Å"anti-comet theory.† Answering this question requires understanding Student 2's point of view. In this case, Student 2 said that Algol B became a part of the Algol system because Algol B intersected orbits with the original Algol system, so the original Algol system exerted a gravitational force on Algol B. Therefore, the answer is H. If you did not understand Student 2's argument, you would get this question wrong. Mistake Type 2: Not Understanding the Differences and Similarities in the Points of View This mistake is usually connected to comparing viewpoints questions.Were you able to differentiate between the two scientists/students? How were their viewpoints similar? Answering this question requires understanding both Scientist 1's and Scientist 2's point of view and knowing the similarities between them. In this case, both agreed the object explodedat 8 km above the Earth, so we can eliminate B, C, and D. Therefore, the answer is A. If you did not know this key similarity between them, you probably would have answered incorrectly. Step 4: Study the Science Subjects That the ACT Expects You to Know As I mentioned briefly above, check out our other article on the only actual science you need to know for the ACT Science section. Do some light research to make sure you have a basic understanding of each topic. Make flashcards of that material.Drill yourself until you know it.Because there are 13 topics mentioned in that article and only around four used per practice test, it is possible you may not come across all of them in your studies.You do not want to be surprised the day of the test, so make flashcards and make sure you know them! Recap to the Best Way to Study ACT Science Here are the steps to success: Study with real ACT Science materials When you take practice sections, make sure you are sticking to the real timing! (five minutes per passage) Review your mistakes from your practice tests. (Don't ignore them! This is the most important step!) Study the science subjects that the ACT expects you to know I hope you see know that the ACT Science is easy if you have a good study plan. What's Next? Study hard, review like a pro, and get a 36 on the ACT Science section! Get more helpcracking the ACT Science section. Learn the big secret of ACT Science. Find outthe science you have to know, and learn the best way to read ACT Science passages. Not sure where you want to go to college? Learn how to do college research right.Once, you know where you want to go to school, pickyour ACT target score. Aiming for a top college? Read our advice on getting into Harvard, the Ivy League, and Stanford. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Under the Whiplash by Lara Oruno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Under the Whiplash by Lara Oruno - Essay Example First used by the Greeks, slavery has roots in the antique forced labor practices of the Egypt of pharaohs, Greece, Italy and the Middle East, particularly in Babylon and Assyria. A people stripped of any right to demand status of origin or title [name], slavery, apparently has a long history that saw Europe enslave approximately 20 percent of their own population at some point; a practice that only faded out in the fifteen century with the newfound sources from the far continents of Africa and Asia (Coates 18). With the advent of large scale plantations in the Americas, tens of millions of Africans became victims of slavery. Like the antique slaves, they were not only subjected to forced labor, but had to yield to the sexual demands of their masters. Keeping with the old tradition, all male slaves, irrespective of their ages, acquired the tittle "boy". Unlike the old slavery that offered a relief through some form of emancipation, slavery in the Caribbean was but a totalitarian syst em based on extreme exploitation driven in part by racism (Coates 19). The only alternative to freedom to such cruelty were brave flight efforts with a subsequent strong resistance. While the two terms, forced labor and slavery, have historically been used interchangeably, there exist a thin line in between. According to the International Labor Organization, forced labor refers to â€Å"work imposed on a person under the threat(s) of a penalty and for which the willingness to offer such a service is non-existent† (ILO par 3). Slavery, however, is an elastic concept that not only covers forced labor, but includes the dimension of the subjects involved being treated as property worth some definite price. (Laura 162). In the second article, â€Å"Who was responsible?† Elikia M'Bokolo tries to navigate the thicket of who should take the responsibility on the massive shipments of Africans to the Americas. A controversial subject that has left historians with more of a guess work, M'Bokolo works extracts extra hard to deconstruct the myth placing the Africans themselves right in the middle. From slave-raiding that involved outright abduction to slave-trading, either of the processes engaged the expedition of man-hunts that carried maximum risks, including mass killings; the 1446 massacre near the Cap Vert peninsula in present-day Senegal was but a clear indication of the Africans determination to fight off enslavement. Accordingly, the Europeans, particularly the Portuguese, were the pioneer traders in slaves, perhaps to minimize the risks of deaths in millions, of people whose services were increasingly needed to sustain plantation farming in America. Understandably, slave-raiding continued even after the routinisation of slave-trade, occasionally becoming a buffer source of slaves’ supply for traders. M'Bokolo goes to note that the terms of trade were never in the hands of Africans; the occasional raids coupled with the building of forts along the coastline sent a clear message to the rulers of the continent that left them with no choices other than to comply (Coates 21). As such, though Africans got involved in selling their fellow brothers, Europe’s domination shaped every aspect of the trade, leaving Africa counting its losses as they [th e Europeans] reaped massively. Bluntly put, slave trade, to Africans, was a kind of diabolical-plot which forcefully made them [Africans] accomplices or otherwise perish in the merciless expeditions. The section â€Å"A Controversial Question† highlights the controversy on who between the Europeans and Africans should bear the blame in perpetuating the