Immanuel Kant and the Ethics of Leadership Essay

In chapter three of The Ethics of Leadership, Joanne B. Ciulla, introduces the moral philosophy of Prussian philosopher, Immanuel Kant, who developed a set of ethics to guide our decisions and help us judge whether certain actions are morally correct. Kant’s moral theory does not look at all into consequences and has a very strict view of morality which can sometimes conflict between duty and self-interest. Ciulla mentions the story of David and Bathsheba in the Bible and asserts, â€Å"Leaders are often tempted to lie because they believe they either won’t get caught, or they can cover up their lies. † (Ciulla, 94) This assertion rings ever so true in light of the recent scandals involving the increase in U. S. politicians that have confessed to adultery. As marriage and family are often regarded as a basis of society, a story of adultery often shows the conflict between social pressure and individual struggle for happiness. Adultery is a very American topic. We have been redefining the parameters of its acceptability and taboo with each new generation since the Scarlet Letter. Why is American society becoming so obsessed with these types of scandals and what does it say about the morality of our society? Perhaps society is not solely obsessed with the adultery itself; maybe society is more obsessed with its leaders â€Å"fall from grace†. Sexual affairs have been a part of U. S. politics since Thomas Jefferson. However, politicians’ affairs were generally kept outside the purview of the public eye. Over the years we have began to see a change. Society is somehow fascinated with the whole idea of adultery and the entertainment industry celebrates it and portrays it mostly in a very romantic light. I am guilty of watching shows such as â€Å"The Good Wife†, a show about the wife and family of a politician involved in a sexual scandal or â€Å"Desperate Housewives† that romanticize and make adultery seem like the right thing to do if you need a little excitement in your life. Perhaps by watching TV shows like this, one is being conditioned to do what makes him or her happy or do whatever feels good or â€Å"right†. Oftentimes, whatever feels â€Å"right† is described as whatever comes easily or naturally for an individual. Our society seems obsessed with finding â€Å"happiness† which the Kantian philosophy totally opposes. According to Kantian philosophy, every one of us is a moral agent. We give the moral law to ourselves by asking ourselves if we are doing the right thing only for sake of doing the right thing. One may never find happiness, feel comfortable making the â€Å"right†, or morally correct decision under the Kantian philosophy. The morally valued thing in the universe is the rational human being that can give the law to himself or herself and our moral actions should be treating human beings as morally valuable. According to Kant, we should never treat a human being in such a way that we fail to respect the intrinsic human dignity of the human being. In essence, we should never treat anyone as a means to an end or treat a person against his or her dignity. Now let us return to the issue of the politician and his or her effectiveness as a leader. Is the morality of the message dependent upon the morality of the messenger? Although the morality of the message is NOT dependent upon the morality of the messenger, I think that the message has a far greater impact coming from someone who practices or lives it on a daily basis. Perhaps Americans are so fascinated with politicians’ and their adulterous scandals given that they presented a false image of themselves. It would be refreshing to have a politician simply be honest and say, â€Å"I’m not currently living up to this ideal, but I do value it†. Granted that could cost a politician the election but that would be the right thing to do according to Kant.

Pest Analysis Finland Tourism Industry

Self and Peer Evaluation, by 30 April 2013 In the evaluation you will have to think, evaluate and write about what you and your class mates have learned during the study unit and how you and they have taken part in the lectures and group assignments. This assignment is set to bring new insights to one’s own thinking and to support personal learning. The point in this task is to evoke critical thinking, practice selfreflective skills and connect one’s personal learning to previous experience. Self-reflection helps you in learning new skills for instance in these areas: ? aintaining an attitude that is both open-minded and sceptical; ? objectively gathering, evaluating, and synthesising information; ? forming reasonable judgments, and conclusions; ? developing a tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; ? exploring and evaluating alternative perspectives In particular, you should pay attention in your reflective evaluation on the following issues: ? Capture the point of th e study unit briefly in your own words. Begin the paper with a short summary of the study unit, about its objectives and contents and your personal goals when attending the study unit.What makes it interesting and relevant to tourism business and for my future expertise? ? Identify and present at least 1-3 new things you have learned during the study unit. Weigh their value for your work possibilities and your future studies (e. g. your Thesis). ? Identify and present 1-3 expertise areas in which you want to improve your skills. Evaluate them in the light of your work possibilities and your future studies. ? Comment on the group work, the workshops and the lecture sessions from the perspective of active participation of students, and the role of the teachers.Also, in the case of group work, you can comment on the amount of work and how it was divided within the group. ? You may also want to comment on some challenges you faced in completing the study unit. ? Also, add in a brief fee dback of the course (at least one + and one –). This evaluation paper should cover the issues captured above, and it should be at most 1 A4 pages long. It is not so much about the length but the analytical, selfreflective level of the text. Please upload the paper into the folder in Optima by 30 April 2013. Best regards, Paivi & Petra

No High Risk Marijuana - 2289 Words

Marijuana is a drug that is misinterpreted by the general public that it is harmful to human beings like all other drugs are capable of. The negative stigma of pot use has certainly made it seem like it’s worse, and since using the drug is still illegal, the fact that only people who are willing to break the law will smoke has inevitably made it associated with a â€Å"pothead† culture. These are just the preconceived notions we’ve been brought up in though. A world where instead of drinking cheap beer, a hopeful political candidate can roll a joint to seem like the â€Å"people’s choice† doesn’t have to seem crazy. This scenario would actually be the healthier choice. The difference between marijuana and other drugs is that marijuana is a plant†¦show more content†¦Alcohol and Tobacco is both legal and harmful to human beings but marijuana is illegal and is not harmful yet it is considered an illegal substance compared to legal sub stances that are harmful to the human body. Not only is marijuana known to be less harmful than other legal substances in the United States, it is even prescribed by medical doctors to people for medical use. The U.S Government Accountability Office(GAO), noted that people with Alzheimer’s, Aids, Nausea, Migraine, ADHD, etc.†¦ can use marijuana to help cope with their illnesses. Marijuana has many traits that can help these people fight off the disease. A preclinical study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that very small doses of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a chemical found in marijuana, can slow the production of beta-amyloid proteins, thought to be a hallmark characteristic and key contributor to the progression of Alzheimer’s. The study, published in 2014, is among others to support the effectiveness of THC in prohibiting the growth of toxic amyloid plagues. This plant is much more than a drug but a recipe to many medicines to help p eople with certain illnesses. For example, in glaucoma patients, it can reduce the dangerously high eye pressure that can lead to vision loss. In addition, pot can

Alzheimers Disease Essay 7 - 1502 Words

Alzheimer’s Disease SOC 313 Katherine Malish February 7, 2011 Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. â€Å"Its onset is generally insidious, with gradual deterioration of cognitive function, eventually resulting death.† (Falvo, D. 2009, pg. 226). Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia among people age 65 and older. â€Å"Nearly 70 percentages of all dementias are Alzheimer’s, and over 4.5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s.†(www.alz.org). This disease is not just a disease that happens to older people, but there is a small percentage that can also affect those in their 30s. One of the greatest risk factors that increase the cause of†¦show more content†¦While caring for patients with Alzheimer’s the first thing I learned was that each patient experiences Alzheimer’s differently. Each day was a new experience for me, and when caring for a patient with Alzheimer’s t here’s no one way to care for them. As a caregiver it is important to find effective and simple solutions that work for you. The facility had five units that were set up by the stages of the disease. I was assigned to unit D which was the unit for patient that suffered with moderately severe to very severe stages of Alzheimer’s. I was assigned to six to eight patients each shift. My duties were to provide daily care such as, activities, bathing, grooming, feeding, and transporting patients to and from bed. When caring for patients that are in the moderately or late stage of Alzheimer’s you really have to care for them as if they were a small child. When bathing a patient I learned to have all my products ready and available to make bathing time simpler. It is very important to make sure the bathroom is warm and that the bathroom is equip with a grab bar it helps if the patient has the urge to hold on, and it prevents fidgeting. It’s also important to use a different washcloth for bathing, and face washing, make sure the water temperature is adjusted correctly, and also make sure the floor is completely dry before the patient steps out of the shower. To prevent slip andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Different Stages Of Alzheimer s Disease1488 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals who are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease suffer from a loss of memories due to the deterioration of the brain’s wiring. Music therapy, although only deeply researched and experimented on during the past decade or so, has ignited new possibilities for treating agitation and anxiety in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. This essay investigates how effects of music therapy of different cultures help alleviate different stages of Alzheimer’s disease through autobiographical memory renewalRead MoreArticle Analysis1178 Words   |  5 PagesWard, Alex, et al. â€Å"E4 Genotype among Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer ’s .† Neuro Epidemiology , 17 Dec. 2011, www.karger.com/Article/PDF/334607. In this article, the multiple authors go into depth on how the APOE E4 gene mutation may be attained and if nationality may contribute to this risk factor gene. The prevalence of this mutation is thought to occurred from contemporary environmental conditions. This claim is backed up with examples of these harmful contemporary environmental conditionsRead MoreMaking the Most Difficult Decision of My Life1528 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract This Essay will discuss, the history and all research I did online and in different books about Alzheimer’s Disease. Plus some facts that I have recently found on new Drugs and Nano Bio-Technology. Also a new Article that supports a theory of mine that I have had for years. The most difficult decision that I ever had to, was to except that my dad had Alzheimer’s and put him in a Nursing Home. A Difficult Decision Read MoreEssay on Atzheimer ´s Dementia Posterior Cortical Atrophy663 Words   |  3 PagesThis essay will discuss the form of Alzheimer’s dementia Posterior Cortical Atrophy, from the aspects of the journey by Sir Terry Pratchett. In addition the essay will discuss symptoms of the disease, pathology, and anatomical structures and locations. Sir Terry Pratchett (Pratchett, 2013) has opened a discussion about dementia due to his diagnosis of Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA). PCA is a type of condition associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that affects the parietal and occipital lobesRead MoreEssay about Amnesia: Who Are You Anyway?1195 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical traumas, drugs, rape, assault, sexual molestation during childhood, cold baths (5), surgery, stroke, hypoxia (lack of oxygen), closed head injury, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-usually temporary, Korsakoffs syndrome (alcoholism), or Alzheimers disease. To illustrate, for example, immersion in cold water causes rapid depletion of serotonin and the release of opiates peptides which in turn negatively influence the hippocampus. Severe stress, emotional shock, as well as a blow to the head orRead MoreStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesunsuccessful trials to find a cure for diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntingtonâ €™s disease, and/or Parkinson’s disease, it seems like scientific research has provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc.Read MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease2405 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in todays society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day whichRead MoreThe Usef ulness Of Animal Models1052 Words   |  5 Pageswould progress slowly or not at all without animals’ (Kalat, 2014:22). In this essay I will discuss the usefulness of animal models in research in relation to brain and behaviour for human psychobiology. ‘Biological psychologists study the animal roots of behaviours, relating actions and experiences to genetics and physiology’ (Kalat, 2014:1). Much of the research in psychology uses humans as research models, however ‘about 7-8% of psychological research involves the use of animals’ (American PsychologicalRead MoreParkinson’s Associated Dementia665 Words   |  3 Pagesshared by both Parkinson’s disease and dementia is the functioning of neurons, with a then understandable association. Dementia is caused by neuron demise or diminished capacity of communication with other cells, while Parkinson’s disease, neurons in the basal ganglia experience deterioration that disrupts the normal neurotransmitter dopamine balance where neurons waste and die. With this shared neuron deterioration, the prevalence of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease is clearly understoodRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease3214 Words   |  13 Pages NEU ID: 001983161 Donepezil and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1907, is the most common form of dementia. The early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease is having difficulty in remembering recent events. At the advanced stage, the signs and symptoms of AD include: memory loss, confusion, trouble concentrating, frustration

Make New Mexico State University - 1306 Words

Make New Mexico State Great Again This is my first semester at New Mexico State University and I am over all loving the experience. There aren’t many flaws here at New Mexico State University in my opinion however my proposal will be something that I am currently pretty actively involved in on campus, and that is the Greek life here at New Mexico State University. In just my short time here on campus no other program or organization has stood out or had near the effect Greek life has had on me thus far. Within New Mexico State University you find people in Greek life everywhere you go, we have members in ASNMSU, the president of ASNMSU is a Greek. There are Greeks in almost every organization on campus. You find us working jobs on campus, and no matter where you find one, Greeks play a pretty active role here on campus. Now a days when people see Greek letters on a house or an individual wearing them on their chest, I feel a lot of people with the exception of the few people who truly know what it is to be Greek, see us as the way we are portrayed in movies and TV shows. Party crazed animals with no respect to individuals their school or their community as a whole. To be honest, before getting involved in a fraternity and Greek life, I had similar thoughts to this ideal that all Greek life would have in store for me was drinking and Partying my life away with not much else to offer witch made me skeptical to truly get involved. After just a short of being involved I seeShow MoreRelatedReginald Lewis II EVALUATION OF SOURCES: Gonzales, Michael J.. The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1940.1600 Words   |  7 PagesGonzales, Michael J.. The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1940. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002. Michael J. Gonzales, noted Peruvianist and author of two articles on copper mining in northern Mexico, in this latest book describes the revolution and provides extensive coverage (nearly one-third of the text) of the Porfiriato. Lucid, engaging, and containing interesting anecdotes, this political survey of the Mexican Revolution makes liberal use of relevant photographs. As such, the book will engageRead MoreFlooding Along the Mississippi River: The Impact on the Gulf of Mexico1031 Words   |  5 Pagesnine states, totaling over $25 billion dollars in damage (Watts, 2011). In most areas the floodwaters have receded, however there is concern that even a little rain could cause more flooding due to the already saturated land. As cities and towns are beginning the restoration process, one thing caused by the flooding waters cannot be restored. Pollutants’ such as nitrogen from fertilizer, due to this area being primarily composed of farming land, is making its way toward the Gulf of Mexico. EveryRead MoreEssay on Zapatista Movement in Mexcio1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico got worldwide attention on January 1, 1994, when they marched to Mexico City against the signing of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The free trade agreement was intended to facilitate trading between Canada, United States, and Mexico. The Zapatista claimed that this agreement would affect the indigenous people of Chiapas by further widening the gap between the poor and the rich. In this paper I will examine the NAFTA agreement and theRead MoreThe And Non Proliferation Education1667 Words   |  7 Pagesobserved in two concrete points, first Mexico leadership, advocacy and voice in the regional and international stage in the promotion of DNPE has solidified. Second, the incorporation of training courses and outreach activities at a local level reinforces the interest of educating the decision makers and raising awareness within t he society. Which ultimately contributes to the regional advocacy for peace by becoming a point of reference in the region where new generations can receive education in theRead MoreA Piece of History to Young Readers, The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict by Richard Griswold del Castillo1575 Words   |  6 PagesLegacy of Conflict. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990. Richard Griswold del Castillo was born on October 26, 1942 in Los Angeles, California. His parents are Mr. Stanley and Mrs. Marie who made him who he is now. He is married to Maryann Girard and has two sons, who are named Charles and Ariel. Castillo also went to the University of California and a couple other universities besides California. He was a professor and instructor in many universities. His writings have also been translatedRead MoreLeaving The Nest : The United States1047 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States and Mexico have established an interesting relationship since their rise of independence. Within this relationship, several differences appear. These nations have had their fair share of struggles; yet both manage to coexist fairly well. When comparing both of these countries on the basis of commerce, education, and political stability the commonalities, discrepancies, and relationships become evident. As well as, the factors for the mass Mexican immigration to the Unit ed States and theRead MoreThe Education System Of Mexico943 Words   |  4 PagesMexico Education System Education in Mexico is divided in to five levels, Preschool, Elementary, Junior High, High School, and Universities. Preschool is required for all children from ages 3-5. Students upon completion receive a graduation document which is required before entering primary school. Their third year of preschool is equivalent to America’s kindergarten. The main objective is to promote the comprehensive development of emotional, social, physical, and cognitive skills in young childrenRead MoreGB511C Strategic Resources Management: Final Exam Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages Norwich University Professor Laurette Brady November 16, 2013 Manufacturing today includes all facets of research, development, production, sales, distribution, logistics, customer service, marketing, and support. It extends from the making of physical products to the delivery of services (Deloitte, 2013). Manufacturing companies now compete on a global scale and utilize specific locations around the world to their advantage. For instance, basic, simple to make products willRead MoreThe Education System Of Mexico935 Words   |  4 Pages Mexico Education System In Mexico, basic education is divided in the following levels, Preschool, Elementary, Junior High, High School, and Universities. Preschool is required for all children from ages 3-5. Students upon completion receive a graduation document which is required before entering primary school. Their third year of preschool is equivalent to America’s kindergarten. The main objective is to promote the comprehensive development of emotional, social, physical, and cognitive skillsRead MoreAnalysis Of Emiliano Zapata s Leadership During The Mexican Revolution1557 Words   |  7 Pagesscope of this investigation is to consider and evaluate the actions of Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution, which took place all over Mexico in the years 1910 through 1920. The method of this study is simply based on providing and discussing various sources such as Emiliano Zapata: Revolution betrayal in Mexico by S. Brunk and Pancho Villa and the Mexican Revolution composed by Manuel Plana that specifically narrate the actions taken by each leader in their respective

Phaedo free essay sample

Socrates remarks that pain and pleasure may seem to be opposites since we never experience both at the same time, but they are intimately connected to one another. Rarely, do we find one without the other. The pleasure that he experiences from being released from his chains is directly related to the pain that he experienced from being enchained. b) 67b: Death is the separation of the soul from the body. We shall be closest to knowledge (in live) if we refrain as much as possible from association with the body and do not fall to bodily pleasures but live a purified life. Philosophers are only concerned with the well-being of their souls and the best kind of wisdom comes from reason alone, when distanced as far as possible from the distractions of the body. Opposites contrasted by each other, each is necessary for the recognition of the other. c) 68b: Only a philosopher who does not fear death can truly be said to possess courage and self-control. The philosopher exchanges pleasures for pleasures, pains for pains, fears for fears for wisdom, which is the only thing of true value. This pursuit of wisdom will cleanse the philosopher of all the impurities of bodily life and its passions, preparing him for a better afterlife with the gods. Contrary properties from different points of view. d) 70d: Argument from Opposites. Everything comes to be from its opposite. For example, for an object to become bigger, it must have become smaller beforehand and has become bigger out of this smallness. There are two forms of generation between opposites, where each opposite comes into being out of the other opposite. Between big and small there are the processes of increase and decrease. Opposites contrasted by each other, each is necessary for the recognition of the other. e) 72b: Transmutation of elements. There is opposite to living. Being dead is opposite to living. All dead things go from being living to being dead through the process of dying and all living things must go from being dead to being living through the process of coming to life. If this werent the case, the world would be dead. If all living things died and new living things werent made from those that had died, the number of dead would overpower the finite number of the living. Transmutation of elements. 2. Appearances deceive us. There is nothing we can gain from looking at the senses. Everything from appearances if false, so we must do away with appearances. (66 c-d) Something cant come from nothing. Our souls must exist in the underworld and cannot come from nothing to reanimate living beings in the world. Souls do not simply dissipate and drift away after death, but they reemerge in the living and are found in Hades. 71d 72a) Nothing comes from nothing, but from something. The souls of the dead must be somewhere so that they can be reborn again. Philosophy draws the soul away from the senses which deceit us into rational understanding which guides us towards what is true and just. It steers us clear of bodily pleasures and the pains of bodily life. Each pleasure and pain is like a nail that binds the body and soul together, which causes it to become impure and less able to escape into the divine company of the Gods. . a) Sensory things can never be truly equal, because, equal stones or equal sticks may look equal from one point of view and unequal from another. Thus, we would never be tempted to suggest that Equality itself is unequal. Therefore, the sticks/stones cannot be the same thing as Equality, since they can sometimes be unequal whereas Equality itself never can be. b) We are aware of sticks and stones through our senses and sense their deficiency with respect to true Equality. There are no instances of perfect equality in the sensible world, yet we have this notion of Equality for as long as we have been alive.. We do not learn of Equality through our senses, but weve obtained a knowledge of it before we birth. If equal things are different from Equality and yet can bring Equality into our minds, they somehow remind us of the Form of Equality. In other words, we are aware that sticks and stones fall short of perfect equality, but to be aware that they fall short means that we already have an idea of what it means to be perfectly equal in our minds. Learning is just recollection of things (forms) we already know and have in our minds. (pg. 64-66) 4. Parmenides and Zeno both influenced Plato in his theory of the Forms, which was intended to satisfy the Parmenidian requirement of metaphysical unity and stability in knowable reality. Zenos paradoxes aim to prove that Being is single, finite, motionless, and unchanging by examining the absurdities of the opposite common-sense hypothesis that several things exist. For example, (pg. 9) the distinction between the visible and the invisible. The body is visible and deceived by the senses, whereas, the soul is invisible and searches for understanding and knowledge on its own. The soul is divine and rules whereas the body is mortal and is ruled. Thus, the conclusion is that the body is human, mortal, multiform, unintelligible, soluble, and never consistently the same, whereas, the soul is divine, deathless, intelligible, uniform, indissoluble, and always the same as itself. The Forms must be incomposite since they are constant and invariable and particular objects in the world are variable and composite. Thus, the Forms are invisible and can only be apprehended by the mind, whereas, the material things can be sensed by the body. Echecrates is a Pythagorean who influenced Plato through mathematical constructs that everything in nature can be analyzed by numerical constituents. He viewed geometry as the basis of study of any science.

Sociolinguistic Approaches Towards Gender Differences free essay sample

A critical evaluation of two sociolinguistic studies which demonstrate the Difference and Dominance positions regarding the differences in female and male language usage. This paper discusses the two contrasting theories regarding gender differences in speech: the Dominance approach and the Difference approach, by reference to Deborah Tannen?s study You Just Don?t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation and West and Zimmerman?s study Sex Roles, Interruptions and Silences in Conversation. The paper critically evaluates these positions and considers explanations for the differences in male and female languages usage. In conclusion, the paper reviews possible strategies to decrease the confusion, frustration and hurt that is caused by men and women?s contrasting speech styles. A wide range of socio-linguistic research shows that men and women do use speech in different ways. Yet interpretations of these differences, and arguments concerning what causes them are complex and varied. The two main stances taken when analyzing gender and language are a Dominance approach or a Difference approach, with some linguists taking a position somewhere in between the two. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociolinguistic Approaches Towards Gender Differences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper evaluates two studies that demonstrate a Difference and a Dominance approach and explores the different ways in which they analyze gender differences in speech.